■ Magellanic woodpecker

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■ 20230829 TUE Magellanic woodpecker

☼ 20230829 TUE Pyramid Lake 2nd Beach(Pyramid Beach Rd, Jasper, AB T0E 1E0 CANADA)

■ 나의 하루

아침에 눈을 뜨면 지금도 살아 있음에 감사드리며

저녁 잠자리에 들 때면 오늘 하루도 최선을 다해 살게 해 주심에 감사할 따름입니다.

 

19950101(음1201) SUN

Mundy Sung

☯ Magellanic woodpecker

⇨ 출처 : From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

마젤란 딱따구리(Campephilus magellanicus)는 칠레 남부와 아르헨티나 남서부에서 발견되는 큰 딱따구리의 일종입니다.

해당 범위 내에 상주합니다.

이 종은 유명한 상아부리딱따구리(C. Principalis)를 포함하는 Campephilus 속의 최남단 사례입니다.

 

The Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) is a species of large woodpecker found in southern Chile and southwestern Argentina; it is resident within its range. This species is the southernmost example of the genus Campephilus, which includes the famous ivory-billed woodpecker (C. principalis).

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☼ Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)

Scientific classificationEdit this classification

Domain : Eukaryota

Kingdom : Animalia

Phylum : Chordata

Class : Aves

Order:Piciformes

Family : Picidae

Genus:Campephilus

Species : C. magellanicus

Binomial name

Campephilus magellanicus

(King, 1827)

Range of Magellanic woodpecker in South America in green, yellow-green and dark blue

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☛ Description

Magellanic woodpecker, female

Magellanic woodpecker, male

The Magellanic woodpecker is 36 to 45 cm (14 to 18 in) in length. Males of this species weigh 312–369 g (11.0–13.0 oz), and females weigh 276–312 g (9.7–11.0 oz). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 20.5 to 23 cm (8.1 to 9.1 in), the tail is 13.9 to 16.8 cm (5.5 to 6.6 in), the bill is 4.3 to 6 cm (1.7 to 2.4 in), and the tarsus is 3.3 to 3.9 cm (1.3 to 1.5 in).[3] It is the largest South American woodpecker and one of the largest woodpeckers in the world.

Among the species known to exist, only the non-neotropical members of the genus Dryocopus and the great slaty woodpecker (Mulleripicus pulverulentus) are larger-bodied. With the likely extinction of the ivory-billed and imperial woodpeckers (Campephilus imperialis), the Magellanic woodpecker is the largest living species of the genus Campephilus. With an average weight of 339 g (12.0 oz) in males and 291 g (10.3 oz) in females, it is perhaps the heaviest certainly extant woodpecker in the Americas.

This species is mainly pure black, with a white wing patch and a grey, chisel-like beak. Males have a crimson head and crest. Females have a mainly black head, but an area of red coloration occurs near the base of the bill. Juvenile Magellanic woodpeckers resemble females of the species, but have a smaller crest and have a browner tinge to their plumage. In its range, this bird is unmistakable in appearance.

Several vocalizations are emitted by both sexes. Further information is needed to ascertain the function and role of these sounds. One frequent vocalization is an explosive, nasal call (tsie-yaa or pi-caa) given single or in a series (up to seven, sometimes more). Another loud call, usually from pairs, is a gargling call, which normally is emitted in series: prrr-prr-prrr or weeerr-weeeeerr. Like many species in Campephilus, their drum is a loud double knock.

☛ Habitat

Magellanic woodpeckers inhabit mature Nothofagus and Nothofagus-Austrocedrus forests, where they feed mainly on wood-boring grubs and adult beetles (Coleoptera), as well as spiders. Occasionally, other foods may supplement the diet, including sap and fruits, as well as small reptiles, bats, and the eggs and nestlings of passerines.

 

☛ Behaviour

Family groups also roost together. In one case, five individuals were observed roosting in a roughly 40 cm (16 in) vertical-depth hole. Breeding pairs are highly territorial and commonly try to aggressively displace and even attack conspecifics, sometimes doing so cooperatively with the juveniles that they had raised in prior years. A lethal attack was recorded in 2014.[8] When they are actively rearing nestlings, the juveniles are aggressively kept at a distance by their parents.

 

☛ Diet and feeding

The species commonly co-occurs with the Chilean flicker (Colaptes pitius) and the striped woodpecker (Veniliornis lignarius), but does not directly compete with them due to differing body sizes and habitat and prey preferences.

These woodpeckers commonly feed in pairs or small family groups and are very active in their food searching; they spend most of the daytime looking for prey. They generally use live trees, but also feed on dead substrates such as fallen or broken trees lying on the ground, although generally spend little time doing so. Once the snow disappears from the ground in spring, Magellanic woodpeckers look for prey on humid lower tree trunks. In Tierra del Fuego, Magellanic woodpeckers forage on decaying and dead trees around ponds hosting the introduced American beaver (Castor canadensis).

 

☛ Breeding

Magellanic woodpecker female

The Magellanic woodpecker breeds in the Southern Hemisphere's springtime, from October to January. Both sexes cooperate in excavating the nest in a tree trunk. The nesting holes are located at differing heights depending on the tree species and local habitat characteristics. The nest cavity typically is from 5–15 m (16–49 ft) above the ground. Females lay from one to four eggs, with a great majority of nests containing two eggs. The monogamous-breeding parents share all duties in nest excavation, incubation, territorial- and predator-defense, and young rearing. Adults normally breed every second year, a feature not documented in any other woodpecker species. Incubation lasts for 15 to 17 days, with the male reportedly doing almost all nocturnal incubation. The younger of the two nestlings, not uncommonly, dies from starvation. The young fledge at 45 to 50 days. After 2-3 years of being raised by and then assisting their parents, the young Magellanic woodpeckers become sexually mature. Successful breeding and pair bonds, however, do not usually occur until 4 to 5 years of age.

 

☛ Ecology

Several potential predators are known, being almost exclusively avian raptors. These include white-throated hawks (Buteo albigula), variable hawks (B. polyosoma), bicolored hawks (Accipiter bicolor), and crested caracaras (Caracara plancus) (the latter most likely a predator only of young). When they encounter these potential predators while not nesting, Magellanic woodpeckers usually respond by being quiet and staying still. However, raptorial birds are often aggressively attacked during the nesting season.

 

☛ Status

Currently, the species is listed as of least concern, but population reductions have been reported. Forest loss and fragmentation are affecting the temperate forests of southern South America at an increasing rate, so these practices also represent a threat for the Magellanic woodpecker. The distribution of the species has contracted and was fragmented as a consequence of native forest clearance, especially in south-central Chile, where the species now is restricted to protected and relict areas. Changes in structural forest components after timber extraction, forest conversion to exotic plantations, and fragmentation due to forest clearance are the main threats to their populations. The species is protected from hunting in both Chile and Argentina, where it is not or very rarely illegally hunted.

☛ References

BirdLife International (2016). "Campephilus magellanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22681414A92905621. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681414A92905621.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.

Chester, Sharon (2010). A Wildlife Guide to Chile : Continental Chile, Chilean Antarctica, Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago. Princeton University Press. p. 242. ISBN 9781400831500.

Woodpeckers: An Identification Guide to the Woodpeckers of the World by Hans Winkler, David A. Christie & David Nurney. Houghton Mifflin (1995), ISBN 978-0395720431

Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (2008). CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-6444-5.

Chazarreta, M.L., Ojeda, V.S. and Trejo, A. (2011). Division of labour in parental care in the Magellanic Woodpecker Campephilus magellanicus. Journal of Ornithology. 152(2): 231–242.

Chazarreta, M. L.; Ojeda, V.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (28 March 2011). "Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus)". Neotropical Birds. doi:10.2173/nb.magwoo1.01.

Ojeda, V. (2003) Magellanic Woodpecker Frugivory and Predation on a Lizard. The Wilson Bulletin 115(2):208-210.

Soto, E. et al. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 128(1):180-184, 2016.

Chazarreta, L., V. Ojeda, and A. Trejo. 2010. Division of labour in parental care in the Magellanic Woodpecker Campephilus magellanicus. J. Ornithol. DOI: 10.1007/s10336-010-0570-4.

Vergara, P., and R. P., Schlatter. 2004. Magellanic Woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus) abundance and foraging in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. J. Ornithol. 145: 343- 351.

Ojeda, V. 2004. Breeding biology and social behaviour of Magellanic woodpeckers (Campephilus magellanicus) in Argentine Patagonia. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 50: 18–24.

Ojeda, V. 2009. Management strategies for keystone bird species: The Magellanic woodpecker in Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina. Park Science.

Woodpeckers: A guide to the woodpeckers of the world” by Winkler, Christie and Nurney, ISBN 0-395-72043-5

 

☛ External links

Magellanic woodpecker videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Magellanic woodpecker conservation program (Spanish)

Stamps (for Argentina, Chile) with RangeMap

Aves de Chile: Magellanic woodpecker - Description and photos

Taxon identifiers

Wikidata: Q284331Wikispecies: Campephilus magellanicusADW: Campephilus_magellanicusARKive: campephilus-magellanicusAvibase: 1E4B6E75FD28E24CBirdLife: 22681414BOLD: 68785CoL: QCHGBOW: magwoo1eBird: magwoo1EoL: 1177551GBIF: 2478578iNaturalist: 18283IRMNG: 11369553ITIS: 554110IUCN: 22681414NCBI: 386541Neotropical: magwoo1Xeno-canto: Campephilus-magellanicus

Categories: IUCN Red List least concern speciesCampephilusBirds of ChileBirds of PatagoniaBirds of Tierra del FuegoBirds of the Southern AndesBirds described in 1827

This page was last edited on 25 October 2023, at 14:28 (UTC).

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☛ 출처 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellanic_woodpecker

■ 人生(인생)

人生事(인생사) 先後(선후) 緩急(완급) 輕重(경중)이 있습니다.

우리네 人生(인생)은 아무도 대신 살아 주거나 누구도 대신 아파 주거나 죽어 줄 수가 없는 것입니다.

어디든지 갈 수 있을 때 가지 않으면 가고 싶을 때 갈 수가 없고 무엇이든지 할 수 있을 때 하지 않으면 하고 싶을 때 할 수가 없는 것입니다.

奇跡(기적)은 아무에게나 어디서나 함부로 일어나지 않습니다.

 

우리가 어릴 때는 꿈과 희망을 먹고 자랐지만 성인이 되면 計劃(계획)과 實踐(실천) 만이 존재할 뿐입니다.

마음 가는 대로 잘 생각하고 判斷(판단)해서 몸 가는 대로 行動(행동) 하고 實踐(실천)하며 하고 싶은 대로 하고 살면 될 것입니다.

다만, 嚴重(엄중)한 現實(현실)앞에 우선순위를 어디에 어떻게 둘 것인가에 愼重(신중)을 기해서 責任(책임)과 義務(의무)를 다해야 할 것입니다.

人生事(인생사) 刹那(찰나)와 彈指(탄지)에 지나지 않습니다.

지금 이 순간, 最善(최선)입니까?

 

인생의 眞理(진리)는 오직 살아 있어야 되는 것입니다.

그러기 위해서는 오로지 건강하세요.

가족의 健康(건강)과 가정의 幸福(행복)을 축원합니다.

늘 고맙습니다.

 

19991212(陰1105) SUN

Mundy Sung

■ 奇跡(기적)

있는 대로 보고 보이는 대로 주어지는 대로 살자.

기적(奇跡)은 아무 때나 일어나지 않고 누구에게나 함부로 주어지지도 않는다.

 

20190101 TUE

Mundy Sung

■ 換拂(환불) 없는 인생

人生은 생방송이다.

녹화도 NG도 대본 수정도 연장도 예고편도 없다.

U턴도 좌우회전도 없고 후진도 없다.

본디 쓰인 대로 그 각본대로 오로지 외길 일방통행만 있을 뿐이다.

있는 것이 있다면 어느 날 갑자기 한마디 예고도 사과도 없이 종방 되는 수가 있다는 것이다.

살아 있는 동안 누구든지 있는 대로 보고 보이는 대로 주어지는 대로 살아갈 필요가 있을 것이다.

 

지금 이 순간,

우리 모두가 같은 하늘 아래 어디에선가 함께 숨 쉬고 살아 있다는 것만으로도 어찌 감사할 일이 아니겠는가?

우리 인생에 있어서

가족의 건강과 가정의 행복보다 더 소중하고 중요한 것이 어디 있겠는가.

모두가 오로지 건강해야 할 것이다.

늘 감사하게 생각하며 숨을 쉬자.

 

20120506 SUN

Mundy Sung

■ 人生(인생)

人生(인생)에 있어서

일을 할 수 있는 건강이 있고 돈을 벌 수 있는 일이 있다면 그것은 분명 神(신)의 축복일 것이다.

 

무엇이든지

마음이 가는대로 잘 생각하고 판단해서 몸이 움직이는 대로 行動(행동)하고 실천하라!

그리하여

무엇이든지 할 수 있을 때 해야 할 것이다.

歲月(세월)은 마냥 사람을 기다려 주지 않는다.

 

가족의 건강과 가정의 행복은 人生(인생)에서 더없이 소중한 것이다.

지금 이 순간 같은 하늘아래에서 함께 숨 쉬고 살아있는 모든 이들에게 感謝(감사)해야 할 것이다.

 

20141104 TUE

Mundy Sung

■ 꽃

꽃은 아름답다.

그러나 꽃 보다 더 아름다운 것은 당신의 마음이다.

꽃 보다 아름다운 당신의 마음은 어쩌면 이 세상에서 가장 무서운 존재인지도 모른다.

왜냐하면, 당신은 사람이기 때문이다.

나는 희망한다.

당신이 진정으로 꽃 보다 아름다운 사람이기를,

 

20051212 MON

Mundy Sung

■ 행복한 인연

온 가족 건강한 가운데 오늘 하루도 喜喜樂樂(희희낙락)하고

한 평생 無病長壽(무병장수) 萬壽無疆(만수무강)하기를 나의 믿음에 간절하게 기도합니다.

 

이 세상에 태어나서 만난 인연 중에 부모와 자식 간의 인연보다 더 귀하고 질기고 아름다운 인연이 또 있을까요?

언제나 어디서나 좋은 인연과 함께 즐겁고 행복한 인생이 되기를 축원합니다.

 

20221127 SUN

Mundy Sung

⇨ 마젤란 딱따구리 더 보기 :

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■ 20230829 TUE Magellanic woodpecker

☼ 20230829 TUE Pyramid Lake 2nd Beach(Pyramid Beach Rd, Jasper, AB T0E 1E0 CANADA)

☀☀☀☀☀

 

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■ Mundy Sung 기사 더 보기

⇨ 더 보기 1

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■ Lake O'Hara - 20230615 THU

☞ https://cafe.daum.net/mundypark1/F9Hb/412

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